{"id":52015,"date":"2018-03-14T19:31:07","date_gmt":"2018-03-14T17:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imobiliare.ro\/imoexpert\/?post_type=guides&p=52015"},"modified":"2018-05-31T15:04:31","modified_gmt":"2018-05-31T12:04:31","slug":"formalitatile-legale-2","status":"publish","type":"guides","link":"https:\/\/www.imobiliare.ro\/imoexpert\/formalitatile-legale-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Formalit\u0103\u021bile legale"},"content":{"rendered":"

I\u0302n aceast\u0103 faz\u0103, de i\u0302ncheiere a formalit\u0103\u021bilor legale, exist\u0103 mai multe aspecte la care trebuie s\u0103 fii atent:<\/p>\n

1. Actele de care ai nevoie<\/h2>\n

Pentru i\u0302ncheierea tranzac\u021biei la notar, cele dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi trebuie s\u0103 prezinte o serie de acte, dintre care cele mai multe revin va\u0302nz\u0103torului. Iat\u0103 care sunt acestea, pentru fiecare parte:<\/p>\n

Cump\u0103r\u0103tor:<\/strong>
\n\u2013 actele de identitate;
\n\u2013 certificatele de c\u0103s\u0103torie;
\n\u2013 eventualele convent\u0327ii matrimoniale;
\n\u2013 dac\u0103 este cazul, procura i\u0302n baza c\u0103reia va\u0302nz\u0103torul va fi reprezentat la semnare de c\u0103tre un mandatar.<\/p>\n

Va\u0302nz\u0103tor:<\/strong>
\n\u2013 actele de identitate;
\n\u2013 certificatele de c\u0103s\u0103torie;
\n\u2013 eventualele convent\u0327ii matrimoniale;
\n\u2013 actele de proprietate;
\n\u2013 documentat\u0327ia cadastral\u0103 a imobilului;
\n\u2013 i\u0302ncheierea de intabulare a imobilului;
\n\u2013 certificatul de atestare fiscal\u0103 (reflect\u0103 i\u0302ndeplinirea obliga\u021biilor de plat\u0103 a taxelor \u0219i impozitelor de c\u0103tre va\u0302nz\u0103tor);
\n\u2013 adeverint\u0327a de la asociat\u0327ia de proprietari, dac\u0103 locuint\u0327a face parte dintr-un imobil i\u0302n care o astfel de asociat\u0327ie a fost i\u0302nfiint\u0327at\u0103;
\n\u2013 ultimele facturi de la furnizorii de utilit\u0103t\u0327i s\u0327i chitant\u0327ele care atest\u0103 achitarea integral\u0103 a acestora (dac\u0103 clientul cump\u0103r\u0103tor s\u0327tie de existent\u0327a unor datorii s\u0327i este dispus s\u0103 le achite el i\u0302nsus\u0327i dup\u0103 achizit\u0327ie, acest lucru trebuie precizat printr-o clauz\u0103 clar\u0103 i\u0302n contract);
\n\u2013 orice acte sunt det\u0327inute de c\u0103tre va\u0302nz\u0103tor din istoricul propriet\u0103t\u0327ii (acestea nu sunt obligatorii, potrivit legii, dar sunt recomandate);
\n\u2013 certificatul de performant\u0327\u0103 energetic\u0103 al imobilului;
\n\u2013 dac\u0103 este cazul, procura i\u0302n baza c\u0103reia va\u0302nz\u0103torul va fi reprezentat la semnare de c\u0103tre un mandatar.<\/p>\n

2. Aten\u021bie la clauzele contractului!<\/h2>\n

Din nevoia de a economisi timpul, notarii au, de regul\u0103, ni\u0219te contracte-tip de va\u0302nzare-cump\u0103rare, ce trebuie doar completate \u0219i semnate de c\u0103tre cele dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi. Aceste contracte nu sunt i\u0302ns\u0103 b\u0103tute i\u0302n cuie, a\u0219a c\u0103 po\u021bi s\u0103 cere solicita anumite schimb\u0103ri, dac\u0103 e cazul. Actualul Cod Civil acord\u0103 o important\u0103 libertate de negociere la i\u0302ncheierea unui astfel de document. Asta i\u0302nseamn\u0103 c\u0103, practic, orice clauz\u0103 (cu respectarea legii i\u0302n vigoare, desigur) poate fi negociat\u0103 s\u0327i inclus\u0103 i\u0302n documentul de va\u0302nzare, ata\u0302t timp ca\u0302t aceasta este acceptat\u0103 i\u0302n mod expres de cele dou\u0103 p\u0103rt\u0327i (care trebuie s\u0103 semneze pentru fiecare prevedere).<\/p>\n

Descarc\u0103 AICI un model de contract de v\u00e2nzare-cump\u0103rare<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n

*Acest document are caracter informativ.<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Cheltuielile notariale<\/h2>\n

Dup\u0103 avansul pentru credit, cheltuielile notariale reprezint\u0103 o alt\u0103 cheltuial\u0103 adiacent\u0103 important\u0103 ca\u0302nd vine vorba despre achizi\u021bia unei locuin\u021be. Onorariul notarului este calculat pe baza pre\u021bului declarat de c\u0103tre cele dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi sau pe baza valorii imobilului stabilit\u0103 pe baza grilelor notariale privind valorile minime imobiliare (acestea difer\u0103, i\u0302n mod evident, de la ora\u0219 la ora\u0219, dar \u0219i de la o zon\u0103 la alta). Spre exemplu, pentru o locuin\u021b\u0103 i\u0302n valoare de 50.000 de euro, achizi\u021bionat\u0103 printr-un credit ipotecar\/imobiliar standard, cheltuielile se apropie de circa 1.000 de euro.<\/p>\n

4. TVA de 5% sau 19%?<\/h2>\n

O alt\u0103 cheltuial\u0103 important\u0103 la achizi\u021bia unei locuin\u021be i\u0302n scop investi\u021bional poate fi reprezentat\u0103, i\u0302n anumite situa\u021bii, de plata TVA. Este vorba, aici, doar de segmentul locuin\u021belor achizi\u021bionate de la persoane juridice, adic\u0103 de la dezvoltatori. I\u0302n mod normal, un cump\u0103r\u0103tor poate beneficia de o cot\u0103 redus\u0103 de TVA, i\u0302n valoare de 5%, o singur\u0103 dat\u0103 \u0219i doar i\u0302n cazul i\u0302n care imobilul achizi\u021bionat are un pre\u021b de pa\u0302n\u0103 la 450.000 de lei (adic\u0103 aproximativ 100.000 de euro). Dac\u0103 te afli i\u0302ns\u0103 la a doua sau a treia achizi\u021bie de la dezvoltator, va trebui s\u0103 achi\u021bi valoarea standard a TVA, respectiv
\n19% \u2013 ceea ce va afecta considerabil randamentul poten\u021bial al investi\u021biei.<\/p>\n

5. Cadastrul \u0219i intabularea<\/h2>\n

Dup\u0103 i\u0302ncheierea tranzac\u021biei, este recomandat (de\u0219i nu obligatoriu) s\u0103 i\u0302nscrii dreptul t\u0103u de proprietate i\u0302n cartea funciar\u0103 a propriet\u0103\u021bii. Aceasta reprezint\u0103 un cumul de documente cuprinza\u0302nd informat\u0327iile tehnice (suprafat\u0327a, localizarea etc.) sau juridice (cine sunt proprietarii, eventualele sarcini care greveaz\u0103 asupra sa etc.) ale unei imobil. Intabularea reprezint\u0103 o important\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 de precau\u021bie pentru situa\u021biile unor va\u0302nz\u0103ri repetate, frauduloase. (I\u0302n cazul unei astfel de situa\u021bii, proprietarul legal este cel care a i\u0302nregistrat primul dreptul s\u0103u i\u0302n Cartea Funciar\u0103.)
\nPentru a face intabularea, trebuie s\u0103 ob\u021bii mai i\u0302nta\u0302i documentat\u0327ia cadastral\u0103 \u2013 iar pentru aceasta va trebui s\u0103 te adresezi, cu noile acte de proprietate, Oficiului de Cadastru s\u0327i Publicitate Imobiliar\u0103 (OCPI). Dosarul avizat de aceast\u0103 institu\u021bie va fi depus apoi la Biroul de Carte Funciar\u0103 (BCF), care va emite, la ra\u0302ndul s\u0103u, i\u0302ncheierea de intabulare a imobilului. Costul acestor dou\u0103 opera\u021biuni poate ajunge, pentru<\/p>\n

Bucure\u0219ti, spre exemplu, la aproximativ 1.000 de lei (dac\u0103 e vorba despre o cas\u0103 cu teren, dar circa jum\u0103tate pentru un apartament). Simpla i\u0302nscriere i\u0302n Cartea Funciar\u0103 dureaz\u0103 aproximativ 15 zile (de la primirea dosarului), iar i\u0302ntregul proces de ob\u021binere a num\u0103rului cadastral \u0219i de i\u0302nscriere i\u0302n Cartea Funciar\u0103 este cuprins i\u0302ntre o lun\u0103 \u0219i jum\u0103tate \u0219i dou\u0103 luni \u0219i jum\u0103tate (i\u0302n func\u021bie de tipul propriet\u0103\u021bii).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":52016,"template":"","guides_category":[1675],"class_list":{"0":"post-52015","1":"guides","2":"type-guides","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"guides_category-cumparator-cu-scop-investitional"},"yoast_head":"\nFormalit\u0103\u021bile legale - ImoExpert<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I\u0302n aceast\u0103 faz\u0103, de i\u0302ncheiere a formalit\u0103\u021bilor legale, exist\u0103 mai multe aspecte la care trebuie s\u0103 fii atent: 1. 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