{"id":3687,"date":"2010-03-11T14:21:38","date_gmt":"2010-03-11T11:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imobiliare.ro\/imoexpert\/?p=3687"},"modified":"2010-03-11T14:21:38","modified_gmt":"2010-03-11T11:21:38","slug":"arhitectura-structurala-intre-arta-si-inginerie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imobiliare.ro\/imoexpert\/arhitectura-structurala-intre-arta-si-inginerie_db\/","title":{"rendered":"Arhitectura structural\u0103 \u2013 \u00eentre art\u0103 \u015fi inginerie"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>– interviu cu M\u0103d\u0103lin Coman, director tehnic la \u201ePopp \u015fi Asocia\u0163ii<\/a>\u201c –<\/p>\n

Din punctul de vedere al normelor ce ar trebui respectate \u00een contruc\u0163ii, sunt diferen\u0163e majore \u00eentre modul \u00een care se construie\u015fte \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi \u00een Occident?<\/strong>
\nDin acest punct de vedere, tindem s\u0103 ne aliniem la normele europene. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 suntem \u00eentr-un proces viguros de schimbare a normelor na\u0163ionale, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, \u00een domeniul construc\u0163iilor, urm\u00e2nd ca \u2013 din februarie 2010, din c\u00e2te \u015ftiu eu \u2013 s\u0103 trecem obligatoriu la aceste norme, \u00een totalitate, dup\u0103 cum prevede conven\u0163ia \u00eencheiat\u0103 \u00eentre statul rom\u00e2n \u015fi Uniunea European\u0103.<\/p>\n

Este un aspect pozitiv, \u00eens\u0103 \u2013 la nivel mondial \u2013 sunt \u015fi norme superioare, ca \u015fi cerin\u0163e ? <\/strong>
\nExist\u0103 state cu \u00eendelungat\u0103 tradi\u0163ie \u00een calculul anti-seismic, de pild\u0103 \u015fi m\u0103 refer la calculul anti-seismic deoarece acesta ofer\u0103 un grad de protec\u0163ie superior pentru construc\u0163ii, \u00een situa\u0163ii deosebite. SUA, Japonia sau Noua Zeeland\u0103 sunt… \u201eevoluate\u201c, ca s\u0103 spun a\u015fa \u015fi au condi\u0163ii speciale, dep\u0103\u015find normele europene! Au fost \u015fi sunt ceea ce putem numi \u201emin\u0163i luminate\u201c \u00een aceste \u0163\u0103ri, care la un moment dat au marcat un pas \u00een fa\u0163\u0103, au impins nivelul de cercetare in noi sfere. Oricum, la noi \u00een \u0163ar\u0103, normele s-au schimbat destul de greu. Din 1970, s-au mai modificat pu\u0163in prin 1980, pu\u0163in prin 1990, a\u015fa, cam la fiecare 10 ani …<\/p>\n

Din punct de vedere legislativ \u015fi al normelor \u00een construc\u0163ii s-au schimbat multe lucruri dup\u0103 1989, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/strong>
\nAr trebui s\u0103 facem referin\u0163\u0103 la anul 2000, atunci c\u00e2nd ne a\u015fteptam s\u0103 fie modificate normele, pentru c\u0103 deja trecuser\u0103 10 ani de la ultima schimbare, \u00een 1990 si datorita faptului ca intre timp aparuse o noua filozofie de proiectare . \u00cens\u0103, lucrurile au stagnat \u015fi chiar s-au… \u201eame\u0163it\u201c r\u0103u de tot, \u00een domeniul normativelor, \u00een sensul c\u0103 nu se \u015ftia dac\u0103 ne apuc\u0103m noi s\u0103 elabor\u0103m aceste acte sau le aplic\u0103m direct pe cele din Uniunea European\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 nu exista nici un acord \u00eentre Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi UE. Alte voci sustineau preluarea a tot ceea ce exista mai nou in domeniul calculului, din normele din SUA, Japonia,etc. Din acest vartej al ideilor pro si contra a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se contureze ideea directiei ce o aveam de urmat abia prin 2002-2003. \u00cen anul 2004 deja erau propuneri de normative serioase, conform celor din Uniunea European\u0103, \u00een perspectiva ader\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Cum aprecia\u0163i preg\u0103tirea speciali\u015ftilor rom\u00e2ni \u00een structuri?<\/strong>
\nAm avut ocazia s\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnesc mul\u0163i ingineri de peste hotare, chiar cu tradi\u0163ie \u00een calculul seismic \u015fi am constatat c\u0103 avem speciali\u015fti de top! Modul de rezolvare a problemelor, felul cum \u00een\u0163eleg mecanismele \u015fi procesele inginere\u015fti, de rezisten\u0163\u0103, cum apreciaz\u0103 comportarea structurilor cl\u0103dirilor \u00een cazurile solicitarilor extreme, arat\u0103 c\u0103 speciali\u015ftii no\u015ftri st\u0103p\u00e2nesc pe deplin cuno\u015ftin\u0163ele \u015fi sunt egalii celor mai buni din alte \u0163\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103… \u201emae\u015ftri\u201c sau \u201egenii\u201c, \u00een acest domeniu?<\/strong>
\nBine\u00een\u0163els c\u0103 exist\u0103! \u015ei \u2013 dup\u0103 p\u0103rerea mea \u2013 exist\u0103 chiar o periodicitate, a\u015f putea spune, de apari\u0163ie \u00een lume a acestor \u201etitani\u201c \u00een domeniu, cu rezultate recunoscute \u015fi apreciate pe plan mondial. De pild\u0103, chiar eu am avut onoarea de a lucra \u00een colectivul profesorului rom\u00e2n Panaite Mazilu, pe care \u00eel consider a fi o somitate \u00een domeniul ingineriei structurilor \u015fi nu numai. Acum are 94 de ani! Dumnezeu i-a d\u0103ruit inteligen\u0163\u0103 \u015fi capacit\u0103\u0163i deosebite in mai multe \u015ftiin\u0163e, pe care le-a ingemanat intr-una singura. A adus multe lucruri noi \u00een domeniul dinamicii \u015fi al calcului \u00een construc\u0163ii, preluate \u015fi utilizate de structuri\u015ftii de pretutindeni.<\/p>\n

Sunt anumite materiale sau concep\u0163ii \u00een construc\u0163ii, care s\u0103 fie tipic rom\u00e2ne\u015fti?<\/strong>
\nLa momentul actual, nu, dar a existat o tradi\u0163ie cu privire la un model de cas\u0103 \u0163\u0103r\u0103neasc\u0103, un tip de cas\u0103 care a rezistat timp de sute de ani \u015fi \u00eenc\u0103 mai exist\u0103 \u00een multe locuri, la \u0163ar\u0103. Este vorba despre casa din paiant\u0103, apreciat\u0103 chiar \u015fi de… japonezi! \u00cen anul 1977, imediat dup\u0103 binecunoscutul cutremur din Rom\u00e2nia, speciali\u015fti din Japonia au venit s\u0103 studieze \u015fi s\u0103 cerceteze fenomenul \u015fi efectele sale. Ei, bine, \u00een zonele rurale, ei au descoperit acest fel de cas\u0103 traditionala, care la noi se perpetueaza din generatie, in generatie, denumind-o \u201ecasa seismic\u0103\u201c! Acest tip de casa din paiant\u0103 nu se reg\u0103se\u015fte \u00een alte \u0163\u0103ri, iar japonezii au constatat c\u0103 se degradeaza foarte putin la solicitarile unui cutremur major.<\/p>\n

Care este raportul dintre \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi art\u0103, la realizarea unei structuri?<\/strong>
\nPoate c\u0103 exemplele sunt cele mai gr\u0103itoare, atunci c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 oferi r\u0103spunsuri la astfel de \u00eentreb\u0103ri. Noi lucr\u0103m cu profesorul Traian Popp, pe care \u00eel consider mai degrab\u0103 un \u201einginer-artist\u201c. Spun asta pentru c\u0103 d\u00e2nsul are fantastica abilitate de a aduce inova\u0163ii in proiectarea constructiilor din cu totul alte domenii. \u00centotdeauna c\u00e2nd nu se poate rezolva prin metodele clasice, din c\u0103r\u0163ile de specialitate, d\u00e2nsul g\u0103se\u015fte solu\u0163ii surprinz\u0103toare. Astfel, in acest mod, se poate face diferen\u0163a \u00eentre inginerii constructori foarte tehnici \u015fi cei care au inclinatii spre art\u0103!<\/p>\n

A\u015fadar, chiar \u015fi \u00eentr-un domeniu at\u00e2t de tehnic, precum este cel al construc\u0163iilor, g\u0103sim solu\u0163ii… \u201eartistice\u201c!?<\/strong>
\nA\u015fa este! Dar nu vorbe\u015fte mult\u0103 lume despre asta… Iar acest lucru m\u0103 doare, pentru c\u0103 nimeni nu ajunge s\u0103 descopere \u201earta\u201c \u00een structura construc\u0163iilor. Laudele le primesc, \u00eentotdeauna, doar arhitec\u0163ii \u015fi nimeni nu scoate \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 \u015fi solu\u0163iile tehnice ale inginerului, o m\u0103iestrie care uneori se apropie de art\u0103! Arhitectul poate ajunge la o solu\u0163ie deosebit\u0103, dar cu ajutorul inginerului. De aceea, eu spun c\u0103 arhitectura structural\u0103 este un domeniu \u00eentre art\u0103 \u015fi inginerie!<\/p>\n

A\u0163i fost vreodat\u0103 \u00een situa\u0163ia de a nu reu\u015fi s\u0103 transpune\u0163i \u00een realitate, tehnic vorbind, vreun proiect mai deosebit realizat de arhitec\u0163i?<\/strong>
\nR\u0103spunsul presupune dou\u0103 situa\u0163ii distincte: atunci c\u00e2nd arhitectul este un t\u00e2n\u0103r absolvent de facultate, are tendin\u0163a, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, de a propune tot felul de solu\u0163ii fantastice si proiecte fantasmagorice, care nu pot fi puse \u00een practic\u0103. Dac\u0103 vorbim de arhitec\u0163ii cu experien\u0163\u0103, ace\u015ftia propun mai degrab\u0103 idei futuriste, dar care au un fundament si pot fi realizate. E-adev\u0103rat c\u0103 uneori este greu de \u201edigerat\u201d o astfel de solutie , dar \u2013 chiar dac\u0103 eu uneori nu g\u0103sesc solu\u0163ia corect\u0103 \u2013 cer sprijinul celor care m-au format ca specialist \u015fi tot ajungem s\u0103 punem \u00een practic\u0103 propunerea. Arhitec\u0163ii foarte buni se disting prin maturitatea solutiilor, mai \u00eentotdeauna proiectele propuse de acestia sunt o provocare …<\/p>\n

Ce p\u0103rere ave\u0163i despre linia arhitectural\u0103 a Bucure\u015ftiului?<\/strong>
\nCare linie? \u00cen acest moment, ar fi deja foarte greu s\u0103 \u201ealiniem\u201d toate construc\u0163iile realizate \u00een Capital\u0103, conform unei eventuale idei arhitecturale pe care am dori-o. De fapt, este cam imposibil, pentru c\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 de… \u201enebunie\u201c – a\u015f putea spune \u2013 s-a construit f\u0103r\u0103 a respecta reguli elementare. M\u0103 refer la \u00een\u0103l\u0163imi, l\u0103\u0163imi, pozi\u0163ion\u0103ri ale imobilelor etc…<\/p>\n

Ave\u0163i puterea de a opri aceste proiecte f\u0103cute aiurea, la col\u0163uri de strad\u0103, care ies \u00een mod clar din orice linie arhitectural\u0103 care ar putea s\u0103 se potriveasc\u0103 Bucure\u015ftiului?<\/strong>
\nCum? Pe de alt\u0103 parte, vede\u0163i dvs, chiar \u015fi eu \u2013 ce reclam aceste lucruri \u2013 \u00eemi \u00eempart opinia, \u00een pro \u015fi contra! Pare paradoxal, dar a\u015fa este ! Ca inginer, este o provocare pentru mine s\u0103 \u00eencerc s\u0103 g\u0103sesc solu\u0163ii tehnice de a se realiza ace\u015fti adev\u0103ra\u0163i \u201emastodon\u0163i\u201c \u00een zonele dens construite. Deoarece, ca profesionist, numai \u00een astfel de situa\u0163ii \u00ee\u0163i etalezi competen\u0163ele…
\n\u00cens\u0103, ca arhitect, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare partea \u2013 s\u0103 spun \u2013 \u201eartistic\u0103\u201c a profesiei mele, nu-mi plac astfel de \u201eplombe\u201c, pozi\u0163ionate \u00een zona central\u0103, care sup\u0103r\u0103 \u015fi chiar agreseaz\u0103 privirea. Cred c\u0103 varianta cea mai bun\u0103 este aceea aleas\u0103 \u015fi de c\u0103tre edilii Parisului, de pild\u0103 : zona de birouri \u015fi cea financiar-bancar\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fie dispus\u0103 grupat, \u00eentr-o loca\u0163ie dep\u0103rtat\u0103 de centrul Capitalei, dincolo de cl\u0103dirile mai vechi \u015fi care au \u00een\u0103l\u0163imi relativ reduse.<\/p>\n

Acum, care ar fi solu\u0163ia pentru a \u201e\u00eens\u0103n\u0103to\u015fi\u201c arhitectura bucure\u015ftean\u0103?<\/strong>
\n\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, a\u015f rezolva problema cl\u0103dirilor cu deficien\u0163e de structur\u0103 \u015fi care sunt foarte multe \u00een Capital\u0103. Dau ca exemplu B-dul Magheru, unde sunt multe cl\u0103diri \u00eencadrate \u00een clasa de risc seismic 1. Problema acolo este c\u0103 acele cl\u0103diri sunt lipite unele de altele \u015fi se sprijin\u0103 reciproc, iar – \u00een caz de cutremur \u2013 de obicei, \u00een asemenea cazuri, cad cele de la margini. \u00cens\u0103, toate au probleme de structur\u0103. P\u0103rerea mea este c\u0103 ar trebui construite cl\u0103diri noi, sigure, pe pozitia celor existente, cu conditia p\u0103strarii fa\u0163adei sau m\u0103car stilul arhitectural vechi. Nici nu va puteti inchipui cate probleme sunt cu aceste cladiri \u201eresuscitate\u201d doar prin consolidari. Spatiile interioare sunt de la mici, la foarte mici, nu au sisteme de aerisiere, au probleme cu evacuarea gunoiului, pentru ca initial nu a fost prevazut un astfel de serviciu, coridoarele, caile de evacuare nu se mai incadreaza in nici o norma si multe altele… In concluzie, militez pentru refacerea cladirilor si improspatarea fatadelor.<\/p>\n

Ceva \u00een genul cl\u0103dirii ciuruite de gloan\u0163ele Revolu\u0163iei, din strada Dem Dobrescu, la num\u0103rul 5, parc\u0103…<\/strong>
\nDa. Chiar noi am proiectat structura pentru acea cl\u0103dire din \u201ebeton \u015fi sticl\u0103\u201c – cum se spune – inclus\u0103 \u00een cl\u0103direa veche, din care a r\u0103mas doar fa\u0163ada! \u00cenainte de decembrie 1989, acolo se aflau c\u00e2teva birouri ale Securit\u0103\u0163ii, ale Direc\u0163iei 5, plus atelierul de bijuterii ale Elenei Ceau\u015fescu. Solu\u0163ia a fost propus\u0103 de un grup de arhitec\u0163i de la Facultatea de Arhitectura Ion Mincu, care a c\u00e2\u015ftigat, astfel, un concurs. Mai este o astfel de cl\u0103dire \u015fi l\u00e2ng\u0103 Hanul lui Manuc. Aceasta modalitate de rezolvare a cladirilor existente se inscrie intr-un curent arhitectural prezent \u00een mai multe \u0163\u0103ri, nu numai \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Avem posibilitatea de a utiliza tehnologii moderne, care pot asigura si proteja zonele de cladire propuse spre conservare. Tehnologiile la care ma refer sunt: metode de demolare extrem de silentioase, ce nu provoaca vibratii, utilaje de forat pentru piloti, de asemenea cu regim de lucru fara vibratii, sisteme de schele pentru sustinere, foarte sofisticate si bine gandite, sisteme de monitorizare a miscarilor orizontale si a tasarii cladirilor on-line in timp real si multe altele, cu care tehnologii se poate realiza aproape orice. De exemplu, noi chiar studiem acum posibilitatea de a realiza trei etaje subterane sub un vechi hotel din Bucuresti, construit prin 1890, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 afect\u0103m absolut cu nimic din ceea ce exist\u0103 deja construit.<\/p>\n

Poate c\u0103, astfel, s-ar p\u0103stra \u015fi specificitatea Bucure\u015ftiului…<\/strong>
\nOricum, eu personal nu sunt prea mul\u0163umit nici de felul \u00een care arat\u0103 Bucure\u015ftiul vechi. Pentru c\u0103 \u015fi \u00een acest caz rezultatul a ceea ce vedem acum este tot al unei \u201enebunii\u201c imobiliare, petrecute \u00een perioada 1920 \u2013 1940, c\u00e2nd s-au construit cl\u0103diri tot f\u0103r\u0103 a se \u0163ine cont de regimul de \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime.<\/p>\n

Eu credeam c\u0103 \u201enebunia\u201c \u00een construc\u0163ii, cum spune\u0163i dvs, a \u00eenceput dup\u0103 1990…<\/strong>
\nDup\u0103 1990 a fost o alt\u0103 \u201enebunie\u201c. \u00cens\u0103, nici cu ceea ce s-a f\u0103cut \u00een urm\u0103 cu 80 de ani nu pot fi \u00een totalitate de acord…<\/p>\n

A\u015fadar, din ce perioad\u0103 putem afirma c\u0103 exist\u0103 imaginea Bucure\u015ftiului autentic, s\u0103 spun a\u015fa?<\/strong>
\nNumai izolat g\u0103sim cl\u0103diri frumoase, \u00eens\u0103 \u2013 dac\u0103 privim pe strad\u0103 \u2013 constatam prin comparatie diferitele stiluri arhitecturale puse sa \u201econvietuiasca\u201d unele langa altele si nu in ultimul rand discrepanta de inaltime, de la o cladire, la alta – referindu-ma si la cl\u0103dirile vechi \u015fi la cele construite \u00een ultimii 15-18 ani….<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

– interviu cu M\u0103d\u0103lin Coman, director tehnic la \u201ePopp \u015fi Asocia\u0163ii\u201c – Din punctul de vedere al normelor ce ar trebui respectate \u00een contruc\u0163ii, sunt diferen\u0163e majore \u00eentre modul \u00een care se construie\u015fte \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi \u00een Occident? Din acest punct de vedere, tindem s\u0103 ne aliniem la normele europene. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 suntem \u00eentr-un […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":847,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[259],"tags":[306],"content_author":[],"class_list":["post-3687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-stiri","tag-articole"],"yoast_head":"\nArhitectura structural\u0103 \u2013 \u00eentre art\u0103 \u015fi inginerie - \u0218tiri - ImoExpert<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"- interviu cu M\u0103d\u0103lin Coman, director tehnic la \u201ePopp \u015fi Asocia\u0163ii\u201c - Din punctul de vedere al normelor ce ar trebui respectate \u00een contruc\u0163ii, sunt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imobiliare.ro\/imoexpert\/arhitectura-structurala-intre-arta-si-inginerie_db\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arhitectura structural\u0103 \u2013 \u00eentre art\u0103 \u015fi inginerie - 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