{"id":66924,"date":"2023-08-08T16:33:34","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T13:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imobiliare.ro\/imoexpert\/?p=66924"},"modified":"2023-08-08T16:33:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T13:33:34","slug":"ce-impact-ar-putea-avea-noile-masuri-fiscale-asupra-pietei-imobiliare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imobiliare.ro\/imoexpert\/ce-impact-ar-putea-avea-noile-masuri-fiscale-asupra-pietei-imobiliare_db\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce impact ar putea avea noile m\u0103suri fiscale asupra pie\u021bei imobiliare?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Noile m\u0103suri fiscale pe care Guvernul vrea s\u0103 le aprobe genereaz\u0103 incertitudine \u0219i duc la reac\u021bii din partea mediului de afaceri.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Draftul prezentat \u00een mass-media prevede peste 50 de modific\u0103ri ce ar impacta companiile mari, companiile mici, precum \u0219i pe angaja\u021bii de la privat sau de la stat. Propunerile de modificare, care includ cre\u0219terea TVA-ului \u0219i introducerea de noi impozite \u00een sectorul imobiliar, st\u00e2rnesc o serie de reac\u021bii. Reprezentan\u021bii mediului de afaceri din Rom\u00e2nia \u00ee\u0219i fac sim\u021bit\u0103 prezen\u021ba \u00een dezbatere, trag\u00e2nd un semnal de alarm\u0103 \u0219i exprim\u00e2nd \u00eengrijor\u0103ri cu privire la poten\u021bialele consecin\u021be. Aceste voci atrag aten\u021bia asupra nevoii de analiz\u0103 atent\u0103 \u0219i dezbateri ample \u00eenainte de a lua decizii definitive.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Astfel, \u00een contextul prezent\u0103rii draftului se ridic\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri asupra impactului propunerilor. \u00cen centrul aten\u021biei se afl\u0103 sectorul imobiliar, unde cre\u0219terea TVA-ului \u0219i introducerea de noi impozite amenin\u021b\u0103 accesibilitatea privind achizi\u021bia locuin\u021belor \u0219i afecteaz\u0103 at\u00e2t poten\u021bialii cump\u0103r\u0103tori, c\u00e2t \u0219i proprietarii de imobile. \u00cen contextul pie\u021bei actuale, reprezentan\u021bii sectorului imobiliar sus\u021bin c\u0103 m\u0103surile propuse par a fi mai degrab\u0103 o solu\u021bie simpl\u0103 dec\u00e2t una eficient\u0103, pun\u00e2nd presiune asupra pie\u021bei imobiliare prin descurajarea tranzac\u021biilor. \u00centr-un astfel de climat, oamenii de afaceri \u00ee\u0219i exprim\u0103 \u00eengrijorarea legat\u0103 de impactul negativ asupra economiei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schimb\u0103rile fiscale \u0219i posibilul impact asupra pia\u021bei imobiliare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Andrei Diaconescu, co-CEO One United Properties, dezvoltator imobiliar de proiecte sustenabile reziden\u021biale \u0219i de birouri, subliniaz\u0103 faptul c\u0103 dac\u0103 aceste noi m\u0103suri vor intra \u00een vigoare vom asista la o presiune \u00een plus nu numai pe sectorul \u00een sine \u0219i pe consumatorul final, ci, totodat\u0103, la o sc\u0103dere a sumelor direc\u021bionate c\u0103tre bugetul public.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCre\u0219terea fiscaliz\u0103rii micro\u00eentreprinderilor \u2013 care reprezint\u0103 89% din companiile active \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u2013 va determina \u00een primul r\u00e2nd o majorare a pre\u021burilor finale \u0219i o sus\u021binere a presiunilor infla\u021bioniste. Implicit, aceast\u0103 dinamic\u0103 va men\u021bine presiunile asupra sc\u0103derii puterii de cump\u0103rare a popula\u021biei \u0219i persisten\u021ba dob\u00e2nzilor ridicate aferente creditelor ipotecare, ambele cu un impact evident asupra sc\u0103derii num\u0103rului \u0219i valorii totale a tranzac\u021biilor imobiliare. Majorarea TVA \u0219i a taxei de 5% aferente tranzac\u021biilor imobiliare nu face a\u0219adar dec\u00e2t s\u0103 creasc\u0103 aceste presiuni \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 un impact direct negativ asupra \u00eencas\u0103rilor la bugetul public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noi ne-am uitat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu anali\u0219ti economici specializa\u021bi pe fiscalitate la tot acest context, iar din analiza noastr\u0103, ca urmare a m\u0103surilor fiscale propuse, volumul afacerilor companiilor din construc\u021bii \u0219i dezvoltare\/tranzac\u021bii imobiliare va sc\u0103dea cu valori \u00eentre 10-12%, ceea ce va duce la o sc\u0103dere a veniturilor la bugetul public de aproximativ 7 miliarde de lei anual. Nu credem, a\u0219adar, c\u0103 aceste m\u0103suri sunt oportune, mai ales dac\u0103 privim restrospectiv la poten\u021bialul pe care sectorul de construc\u021bii \u0219i tranzac\u021bii imobiliare \u00eel are \u00een economie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Context social si economic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– sectorul de construc\u021bii \u0219i tranzac\u021bii imobiliare a fost cel mai mare \u0219i activ angajator din Rom\u00e2nia \u00eentre anii 2019-2022, perioad\u0103 grav afectat\u0103 de pandemia Covid-19 \u0219i r\u0103zboiul din Ucraina. Num\u0103rul locurilor de munc\u0103 din cele doua sectoare a crescut cu 25% doar \u00een ultimii 4 ani, de la 382.967 (2019) p\u00e2n\u0103 la 478.769 (2022), avansul fiind de 95.802 locuri de munca. \u00cen lipsa acestei cre\u0219teri, dinamica locurilor de munc\u0103 \u00een sectorul privat din Rom\u00e2nia ar fi fost de -31.645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– impactul fiscal anual al locurilor de munc\u0103 nou create este de cca. 1,7 mld lei \/ an, calculate prin diferen\u021ba dintre salariul mediu brut (5.899 lei, conform INS, comunicat pres\u0103 mai 2023) \u0219i salariul net (4.437 lei, conform INS, mai 2023) x 12 luni x 95.802.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, contribu\u021bia la PIB a sectorului de construc\u021bii \u0219i tranzac\u021bii imobiliare a crescut de la 13% (2018) p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rful de 14,5% (2020). \u00cen contextul blocajului administrativ din Bucure\u0219ti (care avea la momentul de v\u00e2rf o contribu\u021bie de 34% \u00een sector la nivel na\u021bional) \u0219i pe fondul cre\u0219terii dob\u00e2nzilor aferente creditelor ipotecare din cauza infla\u021biei maxime din ultimul deceniu, aportul construc\u021biilor la formarea PIB a sc\u0103zut de la 14,5% (2020) p\u00e2n\u0103 la 13% (2022). Astfel, dac\u0103 aceste noi m\u0103suri vor intra \u00een vigoare, vom asista la o presiune \u00een plus nu numai pe sectorul \u00een sine \u0219i pe consumatorul final, ci \u0219i la o sc\u0103dere a sumelor direc\u021bionate c\u0103tre bugetul public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impactul fiscal al major\u0103rii TVA precum \u0219i a taxei de 5% pentru tranzac\u021biile imobiliare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cre\u0219terea fiscaliz\u0103rii micro\u00eentreprinderilor va determina o majorare a pre\u021burilor finale \u0219i o sus\u021binere a presiunilor infla\u021bioniste. Implicit, aceast\u0103 dinamic\u0103 va men\u021bine presiunile asupra sc\u0103derii puterii de cump\u0103rare a popula\u021biei \u0219i persisten\u021ba dob\u00e2nzilor ridicate aferente creditelor ipotecare, ambele aliment\u00e2nd presiuni asupra sc\u0103derii num\u0103rului \u0219i valorii totale a tranzac\u021biilor imobiliare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Majorarea TVA \u0219i a taxei de 5% aferente tranzac\u021biilor imobiliare nu vor face dec\u00e2t s\u0103 creasc\u0103 aceste presiuni, amplific\u00e2nd sc\u0103derea num\u0103rului \u0219i valorii tranzac\u021biilor imobiliare, cu un impact direct negativ asupra \u00eencas\u0103rilor la bugetul public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De exemplu, pentru o sc\u0103dere cu -5% a cifrei de afaceri \u00eenregistrate de companiile din construc\u021bii \u0219i tranzac\u021bii imobiliare (cauzat\u0103 de sc\u0103derea num\u0103rului \u0219i valorii tranzac\u021biilor imobiliare), veniturile \u00eencasate la bugetul public se vor reduce cu 2,77 mld lei. \u00cen opinia mea, ca urmare a m\u0103surilor fiscale propuse, volumul afacerilor companiilor din construc\u021bii \u0219i dezvoltare\/tranzac\u021bii imobiliare va sc\u0103dea \u00eentre 10-12%, ceea ce va avea un impact bugetar (sc\u0103dere a veniturilor) de aproximativ 7 miliarde lei anual,\u201d sus\u021bine Andrei Diaconescu, co-CEO One United Properties<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Georgian Marcu, fondatorul Green Angels Real Estate, una dintre cele mai importante agen\u021bii imobiliare din Rom\u00e2nia, atrage aten\u021bia asupra faptului c\u0103 noile propuneri de modificare a codului fiscal din Rom\u00e2nia ce survin \u00eentr-un context global al crizei locuin\u021belor pun presiune asupra pie\u021bei imobiliare \u0219i risc\u0103 s\u0103 aib\u0103 un impact negativ asupra economiei na\u021bionale.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00centr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care lumea se confrunt\u0103 cu o criz\u0103 global\u0103 a locuin\u021belor, iar persoanele din clasa de mijloc nu \u00ee\u0219i mai pot permite s\u0103-\u0219i cumpere propriul c\u0103min, ap\u0103r\u00e2nd astfel situa\u021bii critice (cum ar fi referendumul pentru na\u021bionalizarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor mari din Berlin acum 2 ani sau legea locuin\u021bei adoptat\u0103 \u00een Spania, care limiteaz\u0103 pre\u021burile chiriilor pentru c\u00e2\u021biva ani), Rom\u00e2nia avea odat\u0103 un avantaj competitiv notabil – pre\u021burile accesibile ale apartamentelor. Din p\u0103cate, aceast\u0103 realitate nu va mai persista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noul set de propuneri de modificare a codului fiscal par s\u0103 fie mai degrab\u0103 o strategie care pune \u00een pericol pia\u021ba imobiliar\u0103 \u0219i orice \u0219ans\u0103 a claselor mijlocii de a-\u0219i achizi\u021biona o locuin\u021b\u0103. TVA-ul sufer\u0103 a treia schimbare \u00een mai pu\u021bin de 3 ani \u0219i cre\u0219te de la 5% la 9% pentru propriet\u0103\u021bile sub 600.000 de lei, ad\u0103ug\u00e2ndu-se impozitul de 5% pentru prima tranzac\u021bie care dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te aceast\u0103 sum\u0103, cre\u0219terea impozitului pe dividende de la 8% la 10% (fa\u021b\u0103 de 5%, \u00een urm\u0103 cu doar un an), precum \u0219i eliminarea subven\u021biilor pentru lucr\u0103torii din domeniul construc\u021biilor. Toate acestea se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care dezvoltarea unui proiect imobiliar necesit\u0103 3-5 ani, iar modific\u0103rile fiscale apar peste noapte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proprietarii nu sunt ocoli\u021bi de aceste schimb\u0103ri. Dac\u0103 anul trecut a avut loc o modificare a modului de impozitare pentru tranzac\u021biile imobiliare, acum iar\u0103\u0219i se opereaz\u0103 o schimbare. Se impun impozite pe v\u00e2nzare de 3%, respectiv 5%, \u00een func\u021bie de perioada de\u021binerii bunului imobiliar. \u00cen cazul \u00een care ai achizi\u021bionat mai multe propriet\u0103\u021bi \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u00een loc s\u0103 investe\u0219ti \u00een locuin\u021be din Dubai sau Spania, vei fi impozitat cu 1% pe an pentru orice dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 500.000 de euro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218i ca s\u0103 fie complet, se propune \u00eenchiderea agen\u021biilor imobiliare, ca o consecin\u021b\u0103 a schimb\u0103rilor \u00een regimul de micro\u00eentreprindere \u0219i \u00een sistemul de impozitare a PFA-urilor. Toate aceste ajust\u0103ri afecteaz\u0103 un sector vital pentru prosperitatea unei na\u021biuni, unde majoritatea veniturilor r\u0103m\u00e2neau \u0219i erau impozitate \u00een \u021bar\u0103,\u201d sus\u021bine<\/strong> Georgian Marcu, fondatorul Green Angels Real Estate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vlad Gheorghiu, antreprenor \u0219i expert imobiliar, aten\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra posibilelor consecin\u021be care ar putea declan\u0219a o poten\u021bial\u0103 criz\u0103 prin descurajarea tranzac\u021biilor imobiliare.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTaxele propuse atac\u0103 direct avu\u021bia noastr\u0103 a tuturor, deoarece aproximativ 96% dintre rom\u00e2ni de\u021bin o proprietate. \u00cen loc s\u0103 se \u00eendrepte c\u0103tre recuperarea banilor din zonele opace ale economiei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, se alege s\u0103 se loveasc\u0103 direct \u00een posesiunile oamenilor. De ce? Pentru c\u0103 este o solu\u021bie simpl\u0103 \u0219i la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103, dar \u0219i pentru c\u0103 ofer\u0103 cea mai sigur\u0103 cale de a provoca o posibil\u0103 criz\u0103 prin reducerea tranzac\u021biilor imobiliare. Paradoxal, prin intermediul unei semn\u0103turi, statul devine, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 depun\u0103 efort sau s\u0103 aduc\u0103 valoare ad\u0103ugat\u0103, un agent imobiliar extrem de eficient, dep\u0103\u0219ind cu mult c\u00e2\u0219tigul unui consultant imobiliar corect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iar aici apare paradoxul: pre\u021burile vor cre\u0219te. \u00cen special \u00een cazul dezvoltatorilor, lan\u021bul de produc\u021bie al produselor imobiliare implic\u0103 o mul\u021bime de firme \u0219i indivizi, to\u021bi urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 fie afecta\u021bi de aceste schimb\u0103ri. De ce s\u0103 atac\u0103m acolo unde ad\u0103ug\u0103m valoare local\u0103 \u0219i real\u0103, c\u00e2nd putem aborda domeniile unde companiile str\u0103ine profit\u0103 doar de for\u021ba de munc\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia, iar profitul p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te \u021bara?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te impozitul de 1%, propunerea de a impozita imobilele cu o valoare total\u0103 de peste 2,5 milioane de lei ridic\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri. Care este vina persoanelor cinstite care \u0219i-au dedicat o via\u021b\u0103 muncii \u0219i au acum o proprietate \u00een care locuiesc? Cu ce vor pl\u0103ti acest impozit – din pensie? Sau aceast\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 urm\u0103re\u0219te v\u00e2nzarea acestor propriet\u0103\u021bi, pentru a fi achizi\u021bionate de c\u0103tre clientele politice?,\u201d sus\u021bine Vlad Gheorghiu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reamintim modific\u0103rile propuse \u00een sectorul imobiliar, \u00een draftul prezentat \u00een mass media<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conform Bursa.ro, dintre m\u0103surile referitoare la sectorul imobiliar, prezentate \u00een draftul proiectului legislativ se arat\u0103 c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul anului \u00een curs ar urma s\u0103 se aplice o cot\u0103 redus\u0103 de TVA de 5% pentru livrarea de locuin\u0163e care au o suprafa\u0163\u0103 util\u0103 de maximum 120 metri p\u0103rtra\u0163i, exclusiv anexele gospod\u0103re\u015fti, a c\u0103ror valoare, inclusiv a terenului pe care sunt construite, nu dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte suma de 450.000 lei \u015fi 700.000 lei. La transferul dreptului de proprietate \u015fi al dezmembr\u0103mintelor acestuia, impozitul datorat de contribuabili va fi calculat la valoarea tranzac\u0163iei prin aplicarea urm\u0103toarelor cote: 5% pentru construc\u0163iile de orice fel \u015fi terenurile aferente acestora, precum \u015fi asupra terenurilor de orice fel f\u0103r\u0103 construc\u0163ii, de\u0163inute o perioad\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 3 ani inclusiv; 3% pentru acela\u015fi tip de imobile, dac\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103torul le-a de\u0163inut mai mult de 3 ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u015fte propriet\u0103\u0163ile imobiliare, potrivit drafului ar urma s\u0103 fie obligate la plata impozitului pe de\u0163inerea mai multor propriet\u0103\u0163i imobiliare persoanele fizice care au \u00een proprietate cl\u0103diri situate \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a c\u0103ror valoare impozabil\u0103 calculat\u0103 potrivit titlului IX Impozite \u015fi taxe locale dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte 2.500.000 lei. Impozitul pe de\u0163inerea mai multor propriet\u0103\u0163i imobiliare se calculeaz\u0103 prin aplicarea unei cote de 1% asupra diferen\u0163ei dintre suma valorilor impozabile individuale comunicate de c\u0103tre organul fiscal local prin decizia de impunere \u015fi plafonul de 2.500.000 lei.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Noile m\u0103suri fiscale pe care Guvernul vrea s\u0103 le aprobe genereaz\u0103 incertitudine \u0219i duc la reac\u021bii din partea mediului de afaceri. Draftul prezentat \u00een mass-media prevede peste 50 de modific\u0103ri ce ar impacta companiile mari, companiile mici, precum \u0219i pe angaja\u021bii de la privat sau de la stat. Propunerile de modificare, care includ cre\u0219terea TVA-ului […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":853852,"featured_media":66928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[259],"tags":[2165,2166,2164],"content_author":[],"class_list":["post-66924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stiri","tag-masuri-cod-fiscal","tag-prognoze-piata-imobiliara","tag-taxe-imobiliare"],"yoast_head":"\nCe impact ar putea avea noile m\u0103suri fiscale asupra pie\u021bei imobiliare? - \u0218tiri - ImoExpert<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Noile m\u0103suri fiscale pe care Guvernul vrea s\u0103 le aprobe genereaz\u0103 incertitudine \u0219i duc la reac\u021bii din partea mediului de afaceri. 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